All Cases Starting With `N`

Nail patella syndrome
Nail patella syndrome, also known as hereditary osteoonychodysplasia, Fong disease, Turner-Kieser syndrome, and Osterreicher-Turner syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder with a constellation of clinical findings affecting the bones and nails. It affects approximately 1 in 50,000 live births.
Characteristic imaging findings include those associated with the patellar changes and iliac horns. The iliac horns have been shown to consist of cortex and medulla that blend in with the normal iliac cortex at the attachment of the gluteus medius muscle. On nuclear medicine studies, these have demonstrated bilateral increased uptake with an appearance of bony projections extending from the midsacroiliac regions. The patellae are usually hypoplastic or aplastic producing instability and pain in the knee. A combination of patellar hypoplasia and hypoplasia of the lateral femoral condyle produces a situation conducive of recurrent patellar subluxation and dislocation.

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Necrotizing fasciitis
Necrotizing fasciitis is a progressive, rapidly spreading, inflammatory infection located in the deep fascia, with secondary necrosis of the subcutaneous tissues.
Necrotizing fasciitis can occur after trauma or around foreign bodies in surgical wounds, or it can be idiopathic, as in scrotal or penile necrotizing fasciitis.
In cases of massive fluid collections along fasciae seen on CT or sonography necrotizing fasciitis can be suspected. MR imaging with its characteristic findings of thickening and fluid collections along deep fascial sheaths is probably the best radiologic tool for diagnosing necrotizing fasciitis. This method is limited because of its suboptimal specificity. If MR imaging does not exclude the presence of necrotiting fasciitis, a biopsy should be performed.

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Neurofibromatosis type I (Plexiform neurofibromas)
Freidrich von Recklinghausen in 1882 first recognized and characterize the disease (tumours arise from nervous tissue). His name has since been linked with the neurofibromatosis type I (NF 1). The incidence of NF1 is 1 in 2500-3300. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner . In 30-50% of cases there is no family history.
Plexiform neurofibromas are diagnostic of von Recklinghausen's disease, occur in approximately 25% of patients with NF1.

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Neuropathic osteoarthropathy (Charcot's joint)
Neuropathic arthropathy was first time described in 1869 in patients with syphilis. Since that time, conditions other than syphilis have been found to cause a "Charcot's joint." The radiographic changes include destruction of articular surfaces, opaque subchondral bones, joint debris, deformity, and dislocation. Radiography may be the only imaging required. It poses a special problem in imaging when it is associated with a soft tissue infection. Probably radionucleide scanning, 111In–labeled leukocytes has the highest sensitivity and specificity.

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Nonossifying fibroma (NOF)
A benign tumour, metaphyseal, eccentrically located in long tubular bones more commonly in lower extremities. Most of these spontaneously disappear. However, some evolve and enlarge. Usually occurs between 8-20 years of age.

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